In general, I think the partial protection code which Mark has done has been very beneficial. 1) I use protection spells now. I never used them before. 2) Monsters can have (and have been given) greater protection vs. area effect spells instead of either useless 50% protection or total immunity. 3) Items are ever so much more interesting to mix-and-match for the desired protections profile. I can't think of any downside to the partial protections. PeterM